Students’
Worksheet of Writing Explanation Text (3)
Indicator:
-
Finding
“participles, gerund and to infinitives”
in sentences
-
Using
the vocabulary to complete the statements
-
Writing
Explanation Text
Task 1:
Let’s
study “passive forms which function as adjectives”.
Understand
the pattern.
Read
the examples.
How
do you say a passive form which functions as an adjective?
Pattern:
Past Participle + Noun
Examples:
1.
The
problem is confusing. The students get confused by the problem.
They ask about it to the teacher.
Those sentences mean: The confused students ask about the problem
to the teacher.
2.
The
jewelry was stolen. It has been found already.
Those sentences mean: The stolen jewelry has been found.
3.
The
answer is expected. Dodi explained it.
Those sentences mean: Dodi explained the
expected answer.
Task 2:
Combine
the sentences below.
Number
one has been done for you
1.
The
game is exciting. The children are excited about the game.
They are singing happily.
Those sentences mean: The excited children
are singing happily.
2.
The
words are given. They should be used in our sentences.
Those sentences mean: … should be used
in our sentences.
3.
The
house is well-built.
My uncle lives in the house.
Those sentences mean: My uncle lives in
the …
4.
The
talk is recorded.
It will be presented soon.
5.
The
article has been finished.
I will give it to the headmaster.
Those sentences mean: I will give … to
the headmaster.
6.
Mr.
Suryo was elected headmaster.
He will be interviewed this week.
Those sentences mean: Mr. Suryo, … ,
will be interviewed this week.
7.
The
man was embarrassed.
He directly left the meaning.
Those sentences mean: … directly left
the meaning
8.
The
problem is still unsettled.
We will discuss it tomorrow.
Those sentences mean: We will discuss …
tomorrow.
9.
Mr.
Karno’s sons are well-educated.
One of them is going to be married next
month.
Those sentences mean: One of Mr. Karno’s
… is going to be married next moth.
10. The room has
been reserved.
It is very large and clean.
Those sentences mean: … is very large
and clean.
Task 3:
Let’s
study “gerund to convey passive meaning”.
Understand
the pattern and read the examples.
Pattern:
Need + Gerund
It
has the same meaning as Need + to + be + past participle
We
use it when the situation deals with fixing or improving something
Examples:
1.
The
wall needs to be painted. It is so blur.
The wall needs painting.
2.
Vito’s
T-shirt is dirty. It needs to be washed.
Vito’s T-shirt needs washing.
However,
we cannot use need + gerund in the example below. Do you know why? Because the
sentences do not deal with fixing or improving something.
-
I
need to borrow some money.
-
He
needs to be told the reality.
Task 4:
Complete
the sentences below.
Use
the appropriate form of the verbs in the box (gerund or to infinitive)
Number
one has been done for you
a.
pick d. send g. iron j. take
b.
clean e. eat h. sew k. change
c.
feed f. water i. run l. cut
|
1.
This
letter needs sending immediately. Will you take care of it?
2.
My
shirt is torn. It needs …
3.
The
papayas on the tree are ripe. They need …
4.
The
baby’s diaper is wet and smelly. It needs …
5.
My
table is full of books and paper. I need … some time to tidy it.
6.
Your
trousers are wrinkled. They need …
7.
I’m
so hungry. I need … something.
8.
My
room needs … It is dirty.
9.
Oh,
all the plants are dry. They need …
10. X: I think your
hair is too long. I needs …
Y: O.K, I will have my hair cut.
Task 5:
Let’s
study “to infinitive”.
Understand
the explanation and read the examples.
Some
verbs are followed immediately by an
infinitive, but some are not.
1.
Verbs
which are followed immediately by an
infinitive are:
agree hesitate need promise
attempt hope neglect propose
decide intend plan want
expect learn pretend
Pattern: Verb
+ to infinitive
Examples:
1.
I
hope to see you again soon
Incorrect: I hope seeing
you again soon.
2.
He
promised to go on a diet
Incorrect: He promised
going on a diet
2.
Verbs
that are followed by a noun/pronoun
and infinitive are:
advice expect need require
allow force order tell
ask invite permit warn
encourage like remind would
Pattern: Verb
+ noun/pronoun + to
infinitive
Examples:
1.
My
math teacher advised me to consult him if I have problems
2.
My
brother encouraged me to join the speaking contest.
Task 6:
Make
sentences using the words provided.
Example:
Encourage
– public speaking
I
always encourage my sister to be brave in doing public speaking.
1.
Need
– borrow
2.
Would
like – visit
3.
Remind
– mistake
4.
Permit
– leave
5.
Expect
– change
6.
Force
– join
7.
Attempt
– do
8.
Advice
– forget the matter
9.
Pretend
– bad
10.
Intend
– come
Task 7:
Read
the two texts below
One
of them is an explanation text, while the other one is a report.
An
explanation text gives you a step-by step explanation, while a report text
gives you general description of something. Which one is which?
Text 1
Bees
Bees
are flying insects that are found all over the world. There are over twelve
thousand different species of bees, but only about two thousand of these are
found in North America.
Bees can be divided into two groups according
to their living styles. Solitary bees live alone. On the other hand, social
bees, like ants, live in groups. Only about six hundred species are of his
social category.
Social bees are interesting because
in their “society” there are different classes of bees. Each class performs a
different task. Queen bees lay eggs. Workers, underdeveloped females, work in
the hive but never reproduce. Males do not work; their only task is to mate
with the queen.
Solitary bees occur as males and
females. Every female makes a nest in the ground where she will lay her eggs.
The nest consists of many cells. After an egg is laid and put in a cell, the
female also adds some pollen and honey for food. Then she seals the cell. The
females then go elsewhere to build a new nest or die. When the eggs hatch, the
larvae will feed on the pollen and honey which the female left for them.
Source: Intermediate Reading Practices
Text 2
How Planes Fly
All planes need air pressure under
their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward, the higher air
pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.
The smooth, streamlined shape of the
plane allows air to flow easily over its surface. This helps to reduce the drag
caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly
through the air.
Planes move forward using engines.
This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air
passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up in the air. If the
engines fail, the plane will begin to descend very quickly.
Air above the wing moves faster, so
it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing.
Air under the wing moves more slowly
and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher pressure than the air above the
wing.
Source: 175 Science Experiments to Amuse and Amaze
Your Friends
Task 8:
Find
the synonyms of the words/phrases below in the texts in task 7.
No
|
Word/Phrase
|
Paragraph
|
Synonym
|
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
Text
1
alone
(adj)
(of
birds or animals) join sexually to produce young (v)
(cause
to) come out of an egg (v)
insects
in the first stage of their life (n)
Text
2
act
of launching a spacecraft into the air (n)
moving
with great speed (adv)
having
a contour designed to offer the latest resistance in moving through air,
water, etc. (adj)
come
or go down (v)
forward-moving
force of an engine (n)
press
flat, crush )v)
|
2
3
4
4
1
2
2
3
3
5
|
……………
……………
……………
……………
…………….
……………
……………
……………
……………
……………
|
Task 9:
Answer
the questions based on the texts in task 7.
1.
What
is special about social bees?
2.
How
do females in the solitary group prepare for their children’s future?
3.
Can
you compare the air above and under a plane’s wing? Use your own words.
Task 10:
Complete
the words series in column A with the correct words in column B
A
|
B
|
1.
Jewelry : diamond, gold, …
2.
Music : notation, orchestra, …
3.
Clothes : T-shirt, jacket, …
4.
Natural disasters : flood, earthquake, …
5.
Steel : rust, carbon, …
6.
Furniture : chair, sofa, …
7.
Chocolate
: cacao tree, cocoa powder, …
8.
Automobiles
: station wagon, pick-up truck, …
9.
Oil : lubricate, crude, …
10. Maritime : liner, ship, …
11. Soil : acid, plant, …
|
a.
piano
b.
pearl
c.
tsnami
d.
fertile
e.
iron
f.
submarine
g.
jumper
h.
cupboard
i.
sedan
j.
worms
k.
petrol
l.
distillation
m.
ruby
n.
cocoa beans
|
Task 11:
Fill
in the blanks with the words in Task 10 in column A or B.
1.
…
provides water and nutrients for plant growth and development.
2.
My
mother doesn’t wear any … because she is afraid of robbery.
3.
A
… is formed from sand, a paracite, or other foreign body within the cells of
other mollusks.
4.
The
price of … is high nowadays. So some people prefer using firewood.
5.
Cacao
trees produce a fruit about the size of a small pineapple. Inside the fruit are
the seeds, also known as …
Task 12:
Let’s
study “gerund used as object of
preposition”.
Understand
the patterns and read the examples.
Pattern: Subject +
verb + (preposition) +
gerund
about
in
after
before
…
Examples:
1.
We
talked about going to Borobudur Temple.
2.
I
am interested in learning science.
3.
We
went home after doing our test.
Pattern: Subject + look forward
+ to +
gerund
to
be + used
accustomed
object
Examples:
1.
I’m
looking forward to seeing you on New
Year’s Eve
2.
I
look forward to hearing from you
soon.
3.
Tomorrow
we will have a class at 06:30 a.m.
It’s not a problem for me because I’m used to getting up early in the
morning. (getting up early isn’t strange for me)
4.
Although
Dona lives alone, she is not afraid. She is
used to living alone. (living alone is not strange for her).
5.
Bayu
is accustomed to studying at night.
6.
My
family members are accustomed to
sleeping with the window open.
Task 13:
Use
the words in the box to complete the statements.
You
may change the verb forms.
Number
one has been done for you.
a.
steal e. arrive i. listen m. search
b.
change
f. make j. hear
c.
eat g. collect k. drink
d.
have h. our coming l. visit
|
1.
Diana
is interested in collecting fancy bags. She has got many from different
countries.
2.
The
employees object to … their plans right before the deadline.
3.
I’m
used to … with fork and spoon. This way is good to avoid catching bacteria and
germs in our hands.
4.
Most
villagers participated in … for the lost boy.
5.
To
end a letter we can say “I look forward to … from you in the near future.”
6.
The
man was accused of … Miss Nola’s money.
7.
Vita
apologized to Yudha for … him wait for her.
8.
My
sister never complains about … a lot of homework to do.
9.
I’m
going to Australia next holiday. I’m looking forward to …my brother there.
10.
The
rain prevented me from … at the place on time.
Task 14:
Write
an explanation text
Choose
one of the following topics provided
-
Our
digestive system
-
How
pearl is made from shellfish
-
How
a bag/jacket is made from leather
-
How
tsunami works
-
Why
there is thunder
You
may need reference books.
Find
the references in the library or on the Internet.
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